Summary of Quran Chapter 59, Surah Al-Hashr, The Gathering

Summary of Quran Chapter 59, Surah Al-Hashr, The Gathering 

This passage describes an incident during the second year of the migration (Hijrah) of Prophet Muhammad PBUH to Medina. At that time, there was a significant Jewish population in Medina. Prophet Muhammad PBUH made a treaty with them, ensuring mutual peace and cooperation. Despite accepting the treaty, some Jews harbored animosity towards the Prophet PBUH and engaged in secret conspiracies against him. 

One specific tribe among the Jews, known as Banu Nadir, plotted to assassinate Prophet Muhammad PBUH during a meeting by dropping a large rock on him. Allah revealed this plot to the Prophet PBUH through divine revelation. In response, the Prophet PBUH left the meeting unharmed. 

Following this event, Prophet Muhammad PBUH sent a message to Banu Nadir, declaring the termination of their treaty and setting a specific timeframe for them to leave Medina. The condition was that if they failed to leave within the stipulated period, the Muslims would consider them free targets for attack. 

Some hypocrites from Banu Nadir convinced the Muslims that they would stay true to the treaty. Consequently, Banu Nadir did not leave within the specified time. Prophet Muhammad PBUH then besieged their fortress, but the hypocrites received no support. Eventually, Banu Nadir surrendered, and Prophet Muhammad PBUH allowed them to leave with their belongings, excluding weapons. 

This incident is highlighted in the context of the revelation of Surah Al-Hashr, named after the event. The Surah provides commentary on this incident and imparts various directives and guidance related to it. Some companions also referred to it as Surah Bani Nadir.