Summary of Quran Chapter 61, Surah As-Saff, The Row or The Rank

Summary of Quran Chapter 61, Surah As-Saff, The Row or The Rank 

The Surah referred to as "صف" (Saff) in the provided text is Surah As-Saff (The Ranks or The Rows) from the Quran. 

This Surah was revealed in the blessed city of Madinah when the hypocrites, in alliance with the Jews of the surroundings, were plotting against the Muslims in various ways. In this Surah, the role of the Jews of Bani Israel is specifically mentioned. It is noted that they themselves had subjected their Prophet Hazrat Musa (Moses) to various afflictions, resulting in a crookedness in his disposition. When Hazrat Isa (Jesus) came, they also denied his prophethood and turned a deaf ear to the glad tidings he gave. 

When Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) came, they not only denied his prophethood but also initiated conspiracies against him. Their role in history is highlighted in this Surah, especially how they opposed and plotted against the Prophets. 

Upon the arrival of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), not only did they deny faith in his prophethood, but they also started conspiracies against him. The Surah elucidates the character of the Jews of Bani Israel and, at the same time, gives glad tidings to sincere Muslims. It assures them that if they follow the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and act upon the commands mentioned in this Surah, particularly emphasizing Jihad, then Allah will soon grant them victory and triumph. 

As a result, all the conspiracies of the hypocrites and Jews will be in vain. In this context, the fourth verse of this Surah praises those Muslims who stand in ranks and engage in Jihad in the path of Allah. Therefore, this Surah is named Surah As-Saff, meaning 'The Ranks, or The Row' referring to the disciplined and organized ranks of Muslims standing in defense against external threats.