History and Development of Computers:

Introduction to computers 

A look at the history of computers reveals that in the beginning computers were used for defense, aerospace, and large businesses. However, over time, that is likely to transform. Thus many individual organizations around the world began to use computers for various purposes. 

The history of computers and their evolution:

Centuries ago computers were introduced with computing devices such as ABACUS. But today we use electronics PULSE instead of counting bullets on wires. With the advancement of technology in recent years, it has emerged as a very fast and powerful tool for computer scientists, engineers, doctors, and architects. Users can increase their creativity and productivity in their daily work. The rapid development of electronic technology has made possible even those that were not economically feasible a few years ago.  

Computer Introduction:

Computer is a Latin word derived from COMPUTARE. This means compiling a given data. With the help of a computer, we can do everything with great ease and in very few moments, for which we need a lot of time. Computers have an excellent and universal significance. This has led to a huge shift in the information needs of not only the people of developed countries but also most of the people in developing countries. Computers have profoundly influenced international trade, employment, industrial production, domestic life, entertainment, aerospace research, health precautions, education, communication systems, and scientific research. Advances in technology have always had both positive and negative effects, and computers are no exception. We have also used it for both good and bad purposes. As the power of the computer increases, so does its use. In fact, it is up to the user to take advantage of the computer.

Blaise Pascal:

In 1642, Blaise Pascal invented the first adding Machine, consisting of wheels, gears, and windows through which the number could be read. The results can be achieved up to eight-digit numbers.

Gottfried. W. Leibniz:

About 30 years later, Gottfried. W. Leibniz invented the improved calculating machine, the Pascal machine could only add and subtract, but Leibniz’s machine could also multiply, divide and find square roots. Although there were several improvements in calculating devices, no intangible changes were recorded until the end of the 18th century.

Joseph Marie Jacquard:

In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard, a French engineer, developed a Punched card system for the power-looms. This system assisted in creating particular weaving patterns on cloths automatically. This system was afterward used with computing devices.

Charles Babbage:

In 1821, Charles Babbage, a British scientist, and mathematician worked on the creation of a huge mechanical machine based on the principle of a difference in the squares of numbers. He named the machine as Difference Engine. While working on this machine, he predicts and designed the first programmable machine. Babbage called his planned machine the Analytical Engine, but he never transformed his dreams into realities, because the standard of engineering technology was not so high at that time. But infect Babbage’s machine gave birth to the research in the field of computers and that is why modern computers are mostly based on the principle developed by Babbage.

Herman Hollered:

In 1890, an American, Herman Hollered designed the first electric computing device. He likewise made use of punched cards in this instrument.

Howard Aiken:

The efforts to improve the computing machine continued. Success came in this field in 1944 when Howard Aiken developed the first electro-mechanical computer. He used relays in his computer and named it MARK-1.

John Macula:

In 1946, John Macula and J.P Eckert developed an Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). ENIAC was also later improved by John Von Neumann and the improved version was named as EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer). EDVAC was the first computer that could store together with the program along with data. By 1950, computer with Automatic data processing capabilities was developed. One such computer was UNIVAC-1.