Summary of Al-Ankabut Quran Chapter 29
It can be said with certainty about Surah Al-Ankabut that this Surah was revealed in the year fifth of the Prophetical. This was the period when the oppression of the polytheists on the Muslims in Makkah had greatly increased. For three years before that, the opponents did not show any serious reaction to the effects of the Last Prophet Muhammad's invitation but instead tried to blow it into pieces. During this time, those people kept making fun of Muhammad PBUH, kept calling him a poet and a magician, and thus trying to ridicule him.
They believed that such tactics would kill your willpower, you would become discouraged and lose heart and thus the movement would come to end. However, despite all these tactics, the scope of Muhammad's invitation was expanding day by day. Of particular concern to them was the fact that most of those affected by your invitation were slaves and young men from high families. So, when several slaves of the Quraysh leaders came to faith and accepted Islam, on the other hand, young people like Hazrat Mus’ab bin Umar and Hazrat Othman bin Affan, may Allah be pleased with them, also converted to Islam.
The polytheists had to think seriously about this invitation so that they can prevent it. In this regard, the important decision taken by them, the pagans of Makkah, was to deal strictly with all such people and force them to leave the new religion through physical abuse and violence. When this series started, although their family members also subjected the young people of faith to violence to some extent, it was as if the apocalypse had broken on the slaves and the helpless people. The status of slaves in that society was like that of animals. Like you bought a goat and tying it to your peg. He used the goat as long as he wanted to use it and slaughtered it when he wanted.
These slaves had no human rights. A master should treat his slave as he likes, beat him or kill him, no one could ask him. So, along with companions like Hazrat Bilal, Hazrat Abu Faqiha, and Hazrat Khabab bin Al-Arat, may Allah be pleased with them, their masters tried such methods of persecution that make them cringe at the very thought of them. Apart from the slaves, some people who were not Quraysh, and who were living in Makkah as allies of someone, were subjected to this terrible and brutal torture. Hazrat Yasir (RA) is counted among such people.
He belonged to Yemen. You had heard from the Yemeni Christians about the coming of Prophet Muhammad PBUH. It is known from the traditions that he also received a hint in a dream that the time of the appearance of the last prophet in Makkah was near. Therefore, in his desire to be blessed by the company of Prophet Muhammad PBUH, he left Yemen, came to Makkah, and sought and took refuge from Abu Jahl's uncle. Abu Jahl's uncle was a nobleman; he not only sheltered him but also married him to his concubine Shamiya.
Then Allah also gave you a son. When Abu Jahl's uncle died, this family came under the shelter of Abu Jahl. Hazrat Muhammad PBUH declared Prophethood, and then Hazrat Yasir, his wife Hazrat Samia, and his son Ammar (RA) believed in Hazrat Muhammad. When Quraysh adopted the strategy of torturing the believers, Abu Jahl started the violence in this small family. As a result, Hazrat Yasir and Hazrat Sumia were martyred. While Hazrat Ammar (May Allah be pleased with him) saved his life by saying words of disbelief in compel, which he regretted for the rest of his life.
[In verse 106 of Surah An-Nahal Qur’an chapter 16, The Bees, it is explained that if someone is forced to utter the word of disbelief, but his heart remains content with faith, then Allah is forgiving (Whoever disbelieved in Allah after his belief, except him who is forced thereto and whose heart is at rest with Faith; but such as open their breast to disbelief, on them is wrath from Allah, and theirs will be a great torment)].
In the same way, the severe pain and intense suffering that Hazrat Khabab bin Alarat (RA) went through is also a part of history. You were from a poor family and a blacksmith by profession. One day, burning coals were taken from his furnace, and put on the ground, and their shirts were removed and laid on their backs on coals until Even their body fat cooled the coals. Then you got some peace. Hazrat Khabab bin Alarat says that when the situation became unbearable for us, one day we came to the service of Hazrat Muhammad. At that time, Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) was resting in the shadow of the wall of the Ka’aba with a blanket as a pillow. We said: O Messenger of Allah! Why you do not pray to Allah for us? The increasing acts of violence of the polytheists have now become unbearable for us.
Hazrat Khabab narrates that our words displeased Hazrat Muhammad. He sat up and said: By Allah, you are in haste, and the conditions that befell the people before you have not yet befallen you. They were half pressed into the ground and torn up their body with saws, they were burned alive in fire and they endured such conditions. You also have to be patient anyway. By Allah! The time will surely come when a rider will travel from Sana'a Yemen to “Hazarmaveth” (a famous region of Yemen) and he will fear none but Allah.
This is a glimpse of the background in which this surah was revealed. In its opening verses, the glimpse of the above incident narrated by Hazrat Khabab (RA) is visible. The essence of these verses is that no revolutionary movement can succeed without the sacrifices of its workers. Whenever a revolutionary movement appears to be taking root in a society, the defenders of the old system feel their interests threatened. Therefore, they do get ready to try every tactic to suppress and eliminate any such movement. In this difficult phase, the revolutionary movement demands sacrifices from its workers.
Therefore, when the invitation of Hazrat Muhammad PBUH was discussed in Makkah and people began to be attracted to him, the polytheists of Makkah came to the field with all their strength as the guardians of the Ancient system. After that, an endless series of persecution began in the streets of Makkah. In this life-threatening situation, the believers showed extraordinary courage and perseverance. In this context, the first ruku of the Surah is of special importance. It also provides logical answers to the questions that arise in the mind regarding the aforementioned terrible conditions in Makkah, provides support for the bloodstained, and arranges for the healing of wounded hearts.
Not only have these but guiding principles have also been laid down for every revolutionary religious movement and the workers of the struggle for religious domination until the Day of Resurrection. According to this article, this bowing of Surah Al-Ankabut has the status of the peak in the entire Qur'an. It should also be noted here that Surah Al-Baqarah is the most important part of the Qur'an as a whole. The last Prophet Muhammad said: (Everything has a peak and the peak of the Qur'an is Surah Al-Baqarah).
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